Legend:
 Definition
 Field Listing
 Rank Order
|
Background:
|
The former French Cameroon and part of British Cameroon merged
in 1961 to form the present country. Cameroon has generally
enjoyed stability, which has permitted the development of
agriculture, roads, and railways, as well as a petroleum
industry. Despite movement toward democratic reform, political
power remains firmly in the hands of an ethnic oligarchy.
|
|
Location:
|
Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between
Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria |
|
Geographic coordinates:
|
6 00 N, 12 00 E |
|
Map references:
|
Africa |
|
Area:
|
total: 475,440 sq km
water: 6,000 sq km
land: 469,440 sq km |
|
Area - comparative:
|
slightly larger than California |
|
Land boundaries:
|
total: 4,591 km
border countries: Central African Republic 797 km, Chad
1,094 km, Republic of the Congo 523 km, Equatorial Guinea 189
km, Gabon 298 km, Nigeria 1,690 km |
|
Coastline:
|
402 km |
|
Maritime claims:
|
territorial sea: 50 NM |
|
Climate:
|
varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and
hot in north |
|
Terrain:
|
diverse, with coastal plain in southwest, dissected plateau in
center, mountains in west, plains in north |
|
Elevation extremes:
|
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Fako (on Cameroon Mountain) 4,095 m
|
|
Natural resources:
|
petroleum, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropower |
|
Land use:
|
arable land: 12.81%
permanent crops: 2.58%
other: 84.61% (1998 est.) |
|
Irrigated land:
|
330 sq km (1998 est.) |
|
Natural hazards:
|
volcanic activity with periodic releases of poisonous gases from
Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun volcanoes |
|
Environment - current issues:
|
water-borne diseases are prevalent; deforestation; overgrazing;
desertification; poaching; overfishing |
|
Environment - international agreements:
|
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,
Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone
Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94
signed, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban |
|
Geography - note:
|
sometimes referred to as the hinge of Africa; throughout the
country there are areas of thermal springs and indications of
current or prior volcanic activity; Mount Cameroon, the highest
mountain in Sub-Saharan west Africa, is an active volcano
|
|
Population:
|
15,746,179
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into
account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can
result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and
death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in
the distribution of population by age and sex than would
otherwise be expected (July 2003 est.) |
|
Age structure:
|
0-14 years: 42.3% (male 3,372,129; female 3,291,295)
15-64 years: 54.5% (male 4,315,672; female 4,265,286)
65 years and over: 3.2% (male 227,444; female 274,353)
(2003 est.) |
|
Median age:
|
total: 18.4 years
male: 18.2 years
female: 18.5 years (2002) |
|
Population growth rate:
|
2.02% (2003 est.) |
|
Birth rate:
|
35.49 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
|
Death rate:
|
15.3 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
|
Net migration rate:
|
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
|
Sex ratio:
|
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female
total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
|
|
Infant mortality rate:
|
total: 70.12 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 65.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
male: 74.2 deaths/1,000 live births |
|
Life expectancy at birth:
|
total population: 48.05 years
male: 47.15 years
female: 48.97 years (2003 est.) |
|
Total fertility rate:
|
4.63 children born/woman (2003 est.) |
|
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|
11.8% (2001 est.) |
|
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|
920,000 (2001 est.) |
|
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|
53,000 (2001 est.) |
|
Nationality:
|
noun: Cameroonian(s)
adjective: Cameroonian |
|
Ethnic groups:
|
Cameroon Highlanders 31%, Equatorial Bantu 19%, Kirdi 11%,
Fulani 10%, Northwestern Bantu 8%, Eastern Nigritic 7%, other
African 13%, non-African less than 1% |
|
Religions:
|
indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 40%, Muslim 20% |
|
Languages:
|
24 major African language groups, English (official), French
(official) |
|
Literacy:
|
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 79%
male: 84.7%
female: 73.4% (2003 est.) |
|
Country name:
|
conventional long form: Republic of Cameroon
conventional short form: Cameroon
former: French Cameroon |
|
Government type:
|
unitary republic; multiparty presidential regime (opposition
parties legalized in 1990)
note: preponderance of power remains with the president
|
|
Capital:
|
Yaounde |
|
Administrative divisions:
|
10 provinces; Adamaoua, Centre, Est, Extreme-Nord, Littoral,
Nord, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Ouest |
|
Independence:
|
1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)
|
|
National holiday:
|
Republic Day (National Day), 20 May (1972) |
|
Constitution:
|
20 May 1972 approved by referendum; 2 June 1972 formally
adopted; revised January 1996 |
|
Legal system:
|
based on French civil law system, with common law influence; has
not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
|
Suffrage:
|
20 years of age; universal |
|
Executive branch:
|
chief of state: President Paul BIYA (since 6 November
1982)
elections: president elected by popular vote for a
seven-year term; election last held 12 October 1997 (next to be
held NA October 2004); prime minister appointed by the president
head of government: Prime Minister Peter Mafany MUSONGE
(since 19 September 1996)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from
proposals submitted by the prime minister
election results: President Paul BIYA reelected; percent
of vote - Paul BIYA 92.6%; note - supporters of the opposition
candidates boycotted the elections, making a comparison of vote
shares relatively meaningless |
|
Legislative branch:
|
unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (180 seats;
members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year
terms; note - the president can either lengthen or shorten the
term of the legislature)
elections: last held 23 June 2002 (next to be held NA
2007)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats
by party - RDCP 133, SDF 21, UDC 5, other 21
note: the constitution calls for an upper chamber for the
legislature, to be called a Senate, but it has yet to be
established |
|
Judicial branch:
|
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); High
Court of Justice (consists of 9 judges and 6 substitute judges,
elected by the National Assembly) |
|
Political parties and leaders:
|
Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou NDAM NJOYA];
Democratic Rally of the Cameroon People or RDCP [Paul BIYA];
Movement for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA];
Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC
[leader Marcel YONDO]; Movement for the Youth of Cameroon or MYC
[Dieudonne TINA]; National Union for Democracy and Progress or
UNDP [Maigari BELLO BOUBA]; Social Democratic Front or SDF [John
FRU NDI]; Union of Cameroonian Populations or UPC [Augustin
Frederic KODOCK] |
|
Political pressure groups and leaders:
|
Southern Cameroon National Council [Frederick Ebong ALOBWEDE];
Human Rights Defense Group [Albert MUKONG, president]
|
|
International organization participation:
|
ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, C, CEEAC, CEMAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-19,
G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA,
IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO
(correspondent), ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UN
Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL,
WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
|
Diplomatic representation in the US:
|
chief of mission: Ambassador Jerome MENDOUGA
chancery: 2349 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC
20008
FAX: [1] (202) 387-3826
telephone: [1] (202) 265-8790 |
|
Diplomatic representation from the US:
|
chief of mission: Ambassador George McDade STAPLES
embassy: Rue Nachtigal, Yaounde
mailing address: P. O. Box 817, Yaounde; pouch: American
Embassy, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2520
telephone: [237] 223-05-12, 222-25-89, 222-17-94,
223-40-14
FAX: [237] 223-07-53
branch office(s): Douala |
|
Flag description:
|
three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), red, and
yellow with a yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band;
uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia |
|
Economy - overview:
|
Because of its oil resources and favorable agricultural
conditions, Cameroon has one of the best-endowed primary
commodity economies in sub-Saharan Africa. Still, it faces many
of the serious problems facing other underdeveloped countries,
such as a top-heavy civil service and a generally unfavorable
climate for business enterprise. Since 1990, the government has
embarked on various IMF and World Bank programs designed to spur
business investment, increase efficiency in agriculture, improve
trade, and recapitalize the nation's banks. In June 2000, the
government completed an IMF-sponsored, three-year structural
adjustment program; however, the IMF is pressing for more
reforms, including increased budget transparency, privatization,
and poverty reduction programs. International oil and cocoa
prices have considerable impact on the economy. |
|
GDP:
|
purchasing power parity - $26.84 billion (2002 est.)
|
|
GDP - real growth rate:
|
4% (2002 est.) |
|
GDP - per capita:
|
purchasing power parity - $1,700 (2002 est.) |
|
GDP - composition by sector:
|
agriculture: 46%
industry: 21%
services: 33% (2001 est.) |
|
Population below poverty line:
|
48% (2000 est.) |
|
Household income or consumption by percentage
share:
|
lowest 10%: 1.9%
highest 10%: 36.6% (1996) |
|
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|
47.7 (1996) |
|
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|
4.5% (2002 est.) |
|
Labor force:
|
NA |
|
Labor force - by occupation:
|
agriculture 70%, industry and commerce 13%, other 17%
|
|
Unemployment rate:
|
30% (2001 est.) |
|
Budget:
|
revenues: $2.2 billion
expenditures: $2.1 billion, including capital
expenditures of $NA (FY 00/01 est.) |
|
Industries:
|
petroleum production and refining, food processing, light
consumer goods, textiles, lumber |
|
Industrial production growth rate:
|
4.2% (1999 est.) |
|
Electricity - production:
|
3.613 billion kWh (2001) |
|
Electricity - production by source:
|
fossil fuel: 2.7%
hydro: 97.3%
other: 0% (2001)
nuclear: 0% |
|
Electricity - consumption:
|
3.36 billion kWh (2001) |
|
Electricity - exports:
|
0 kWh (2001) |
|
Electricity - imports:
|
0 kWh (2001) |
|
Oil - production:
|
76,650 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
|
Oil - consumption:
|
22,000 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
|
Oil - exports:
|
NA (2001) |
|
Oil - imports:
|
NA (2001) |
|
Oil - proved reserves:
|
200 million bbl (37257) |
|
Natural gas - production:
|
0 cu m (2001 est.) |
|
Natural gas - consumption:
|
0 cu m (2001 est.) |
|
Natural gas - exports:
|
0 cu m (2001 est.) |
|
Natural gas - imports:
|
0 cu m (2001 est.) |
|
Natural gas - proved reserves:
|
55.22 billion cu m (37257) |
|
Agriculture - products:
|
coffee, cocoa, cotton, rubber, bananas, oilseed, grains, root
starches; livestock; timber |
|
Exports:
|
$1.9 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.) |
|
Exports - commodities:
|
crude oil and petroleum products, lumber, cocoa beans, aluminum,
coffee, cotton |
|
Exports - partners:
|
Italy 16.7%, Spain 16%, France 12.8%, US 8.3%, Netherlands 8.2%,
Taiwan 7.7%, China 5.2%, UK 4.4% (2002) |
|
Imports:
|
$1.7 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.) |
|
Imports - commodities:
|
machinery, electrical equipment, transport equipment, fuel, food
|
|
Imports - partners:
|
France 28.2%, Nigeria 12.8%, US 8%, Belgium 5.7%, Germany 5.3%,
Italy 4.3% (2002) |
|
Debt - external:
|
$8.6 billion (2002 est.) |
|
Economic aid - recipient:
|
on 23 January 2001, the Paris Club agreed to reduce Cameroon's
debt of $1.3 billion by $900 million; total debt relief now
amounts to $1.26 billion |
|
Currency:
|
Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible
authority is the Bank of the Central African States |
|
Currency code:
|
XAF |
|
Exchange rates:
|
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar -
696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.7 (1999),
589.95 (1998) |
|
Fiscal year:
|
1 July - 30 June |
|
Railways:
|
total: 1,008 km
narrow gauge: 1,008 km 1.000-m gauge (2002) |
|
Highways:
|
total: 34,300 km
paved: 4,288 km
unpaved: 30,012 km (1999 est.) |
|
Waterways:
|
2,090 km (of decreasing importance) (2002) |
|
Pipelines:
|
gas 90 km; liquid petroleum gas 9 km; oil 1,124 km (2003)
|
|
Ports and harbors:
|
Bonaberi, Douala, Garoua, Kribi, Tiko |
|
Airports:
|
49 (2002) |
|
Airports - with paved runways:
|
total: 11
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 4
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2002) |
|
Airports - with unpaved runways:
|
total: 38
1,524 to 2,437 m: 7
914 to 1,523 m: 20
under 914 m: 11 (2002) |
|
